响应式 Web 设计 - 网格视图

什么是网格视图?

很多网页都是基于网格设计的，这说明网页是按列来布局的。

使用网格视图有助于我们设计网页。这让我们向网页添加元素变的更简单。

响应式网格视图通常是 12 列，宽度为100%，在浏览器窗口大小调整时会自动伸缩。

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .gridwrapper {
      overflow: auto;
      position: relative;
      height: 250px;
    }

    .gridcontent {
      width: 8.33%;
      margin: 0;
      xborder-left: 1px solid grey;
      border-right: 1px solid grey;
      height: 100%;
      float: left;
      background-color: #84c754;
      background-color: #f1f1f1;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>
  <div style="position:absolute;opacity:0.9;width:auto;left:8px;right:10px;">
    <div class="gridcontainer">
      <div class="gridwrapper" style="height:90px;">
        <div class="gridcontent" style="width:100%;background:#9933cc;border-right-color:transparent;">
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="gridwrapper" style="height:230px;">
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;width:25%;padding-top:15px;">
          <div style="background-color:#33b5e5;border:none;width:100%;height:15%;margin-bottom:10px;"></div>
          <div style="background-color:#33b5e5;border:none;width:100%;height:15%;margin-bottom:10px;"></div>
          <div style="background-color:#33b5e5;border:none;width:100%;height:15%;margin-bottom:10px;"></div>
          <div style="background-color:#33b5e5;border:none;width:100%;height:15%;"></div>
        </div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;"></div>
        <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border:none;width:25%;padding-top:15px;">
          <div style="background-color:#33b5e5;border:none;width:100%;height:92%;"></div>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div class="gridwrapper" style="height:50px;">
        <div class="gridcontent" style="width:100%;background:#0099cc;border-right-color:transparent;">
        </div>
      </div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="gridcontainer" style="opacity:0.1;">
    <div class="gridwrapper" style="height:370px;">
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;border-left:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
      <div class="gridcontent" style="background-color:#ffffff;border-right:1px solid #000000;"></div>
    </div>
  </div>
  <p>重置浏览器窗口大小网格会自动伸缩。</p>
</body>
</html>

尝试一下 »

创建响应式网格视图

接下来我们来创建一个响应式网格视图。

首先确保所有的 HTML 元素都有 box-sizing 属性且设置为 border-box。

确保边距和边框包含在元素的宽度和高度间。

添加如下代码：

* {
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

查看更多 box-sizing 内容请点击：CSS3 box-sizing 属性 。

以下实例演示了简单的响应式网页，包含两列：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .header {
      border: 1px solid red;
      padding: 15px;
    }

    .menu {
      width: 25%;
      float: left;
      padding: 15px;
      border: 1px solid red;
    }

    .main {
      width: 75%;
      float: left;
      padding: 15px;
      border: 1px solid red;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header">
    <h1>Chania</h1>
  </div>

  <div class="menu">
    <ul>
      <li>The Flight</li>
      <li>The City</li>
      <li>The Island</li>
      <li>The Food</li>
    </ul>
  </div>

  <div class="main">
    <h1>The City</h1>
    <p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
    <p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
  </div>

</body>
</html>

尝试一下 »

以上实例包含两列。

12 列的网格系统可以更好的控制响应式网页。

首先我们可以计算每列的百分比: 100% / 12 列 = 8.33%。

在每列中指定 class， class="col-" 用于定义每列有几个 span ：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .header {
      border: 1px solid red;
      padding: 15px;
    }

    .row:after {
      content: "";
      clear: both;
      display: block;
    }

    [class*="col-"] {
      float: left;
      padding: 15px;
      border: 1px solid red;
    }

    .col-1 {
      width: 8.33%;
    }

    .col-2 {
      width: 16.66%;
    }

    .col-3 {
      width: 25%;
    }

    .col-4 {
      width: 33.33%;
    }

    .col-5 {
      width: 41.66%;
    }

    .col-6 {
      width: 50%;
    }

    .col-7 {
      width: 58.33%;
    }

    .col-8 {
      width: 66.66%;
    }

    .col-9 {
      width: 75%;
    }

    .col-10 {
      width: 83.33%;
    }

    .col-11 {
      width: 91.66%;
    }

    .col-12 {
      width: 100%;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header">
    <h1>Chania</h1>
  </div>

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-3">
      <ul>
        <li>The Flight</li>
        <li>The City</li>
        <li>The Island</li>
        <li>The Food</li>
      </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="col-9">
      <h1>The City</h1>
      <p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
      <p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
    </div>

  </div>
</body>
</html>

尝试一下 »

所有的列向左浮动，间距(padding) 为 15px：

[class *= "col-"] {
  float: left;
  padding: 15 px;border: 1 px solid red;
}

尝试一下 »

每一行使用 <div> 包裹。所有列数加起来应为 12：

<div class="row">
<div class="col-3">...</div>
<div class="col-9">...</div>
</div>

列中行为左浮动，并添加清除浮动：

.row: after {
  content: "";
  clear: both;display: block;
}

尝试一下 »

我们可以添加一些样式和颜色，让其更好看：

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <style>
    * {
      box-sizing: border-box;
    }

    .row:after {
      content: "";
      clear: both;
      display: block;
    }

    [class*="col-"] {
      float: left;
      padding: 15px;
    }

    .col-1 {
      width: 8.33%;
    }

    .col-2 {
      width: 16.66%;
    }

    .col-3 {
      width: 25%;
    }

    .col-4 {
      width: 33.33%;
    }

    .col-5 {
      width: 41.66%;
    }

    .col-6 {
      width: 50%;
    }

    .col-7 {
      width: 58.33%;
    }

    .col-8 {
      width: 66.66%;
    }

    .col-9 {
      width: 75%;
    }

    .col-10 {
      width: 83.33%;
    }

    .col-11 {
      width: 91.66%;
    }

    .col-12 {
      width: 100%;
    }

    html {
      font-family: "Lucida Sans", sans-serif;
    }

    .header {
      background-color: #9933cc;
      color: #ffffff;
      padding: 15px;
    }

    .menu ul {
      list-style-type: none;
      margin: 0;
      padding: 0;
    }

    .menu li {
      padding: 8px;
      margin-bottom: 7px;
      background-color: #33b5e5;
      color: #ffffff;
      box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12), 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.24);
    }

    .menu li:hover {
      background-color: #0099cc;
    }
  </style>
</head>
<body>

  <div class="header">
    <h1>Chania</h1>
  </div>

  <div class="row">

    <div class="col-3 menu">
      <ul>
        <li>The Flight</li>
        <li>The City</li>
        <li>The Island</li>
        <li>The Food</li>
      </ul>
    </div>

    <div class="col-9">
      <h1>The City</h1>
      <p>Chania is the capital of the Chania region on the island of Crete. The city can be divided in two parts, the old town and the modern city.</p>
      <p>Resize the browser window to see how the content respond to the resizing.</p>
    </div>

  </div>
</body>
</html>

尝试一下 »